1) A fatwa is an Islamic legal ruling, issued by:

1. an expert in religious law.
2. any Muslim who has memorized the Quran thoroughly.
3. any lawyer or judge who is a Muslim.
4. the Prophet Muhammad alone.

2) Select a true statement.

1. A person must be extremely well educated in Islamic jurisprudence to have the authority of issuing a fatwa.
2. By simply being a Muslim, one has full authority to issue a fatwa.
3. A person must have a degree in international and state law in order to issue a fatwa.
4. A Muslim should consider himself as self-sufficient and hence ignore all what scholars have to say.

3) In nations that observe Islamic law:

1. fatawa are rigorously debated before being issued publicly.
2. fatawa are affirmed by consensus of a supreme religious council.
3. fatawa are rarely contradictory, and are enforceable by law.
4. All of the above.

4) When establishing a fatwa, a mufti should be well-versed in:

1. the verses of the Quran pertaining to the ruling at hand.
2. the ahadith pertaining to the ruling.
3. the syntax, grammar, pronunciation, idioms, special linguistic uses, customs and culture prevalent at the time of the Prophet and the following two generations.
4. All of the above.

5) With regards to being faced with competing fatawa in a nation that does not recognize Islamic law a person:

1. may choose which ruling to follow.
2. should ignore all fatawa, study the situation and derive his own personal fatwa.
3. should ignore the fatawa, open the Quran and seek a ruling for himself.
4. should ignore the fatawa and seek the opinion of common Muslims.